In the early 1970s, Richard Peck was alarmed at the number of pets he saw roaming the streets leashless or injured due to car-related accidents. He set out to protect furry friends from accidents, allowing owners the luxury of not constantly policing their pets. Inspired, he teamed up with the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine to create the first-ever invisible-dog-fence containment system. In the four decades following, the Invisible Fence brand has evolved to its current form, in which collars emit interference as pets approach off-limits areas. Since its inception, the company has protected more than two million pets from escaping their yards and joining alley-cat gangs.